In February, 2011, we started a very ambitious project to crack the innovation code of Silicon Valley and increase the success rate of startups all over the world.
Two weeks ago we launched the Startup Genome Compass, a benchmarking tool for startups and our new research on the primary cause of failure for startups. The response was overwhelming. More than 8,000 high-tech startups started using the application and our research reports have been downloaded more than 25,000 times. Now it can be found all over the Web in blog posts, infographics, and in over 15 languages. It has been extremely humbling for us to be able to touch the lives of thousands of entrepreneurs living around the globe.
In the last six months the Startup Genome Project has collected a tremendous amount of data on startups, built a theoretical model based on synthesizing ideas from entrepreneurship’s eminent thought leaders and taken big strides towards demystifying the process of entrepreneurship and innovation.
The basis of our theoretical model is looking at a startup as a product centric organism that interacts with its environment, the market. The core dimensions that define this organism are customer, product, team, business model and financials. The key challenge for a startup is to keep those five dimensions in sync with the actual customer response. An example for getting out of sync would be moving too quickly on the product dimension. The result would be an over-engineered product that is less likely to be adopted.
In order to group and benchmark startups, we segment them by type and stage. Different types of startups are differentiated by the complexity of their customer interaction and customer acquisition. Stages are described by the life cycle through which a startup evolves on its path to becoming a large company. Each stage has a different set of goals and key activities. For example, in the first stage, Discovery, the startup performs a mostly qualitative search process, where the exit criteria are problem/solution fit. In the next stage, Validation, the startup performs more quantitative testing with a working software prototype. (More details about our methodology can be found on our blog.)
Since we’ve been working on the Startup Genome Project, numerous Fortune 100 executives have reached out to us, wondering if our tools and research could also be applicable for their work. While our original focus was on startups, we’ve discovered that our methodology extends beyond just measuring the progress of startups to being able to measure the progress of a diverse array of innovation projects. Much of the theoretical groundwork for this leap of insight was laid by Clayton Christenson and Steve Blank.
Clayton Christenson made the important distinction that disruptive innovation was fundamentally a different activity from sustaining innovation, requiring different rules, different managerial tactics, and different types of people. Steve Blank then connected the emerging science of entrepreneurship to the disruptive innovation occurring in large companies by noticing that the ideal organizational structure for disruptive innovation was a startup. The problem is despite the emerging science of entrepreneurship, innovation is still perceived as somewhat of a dark art. Bill Gates, Steve Jobs and Marc Benioff appear to have performed innovative feats capable only by the super-human, because it’s very difficult to describe how they were able to disrupt enormous markets with seemingly unbeatable foes.
But now the Startup Genome can begin to uncover what makes these innovation projects succeed or fail and can offer a new paradigm for the management and accounting of innovation.
Here are a few relevant findings from our research, and three use cases where our tools and research can help.
Research findings
- Most successful startups pivot at least once. Startups that pivot once or twice raise 2.5x more money, have 3.6x better user growth, and are 52 percent less likely to scale prematurely than startups that pivot more than two times or not at all. A pivot is when a startup decides to change a major part of its business.Large companies tend to inhibit pivoting for their “internal startups.”
- Different types of markets and products require different type of founders and resources. B2C vs. B2B is not a meaningful segmentation anymore because the Internet has changed the dynamics of customer interaction. We found four different major groups of startups that all have very different behavior regarding customer acquisition, time requirements, market risk and team composition.Large companies tend to project learnings from their main business on their innovation initiatives, which leads to mistakes.
- The major reason for failure of startups is premature scaling. About 70 percent of our dataset showed up as premature scaling or inconsistency. One driving factor for inconsistency is too much capital, teams that are too large, bad team compositions, too little testing, etc. – pretty much everything a large company does, anticipating high certainty in their planning.The results:
- No startup that scaled prematurely passed the 100,000 user mark.
- 93 percent of startups that scale prematurely never break the $100k revenue per month threshold.
- Startups that scale properly grow about 20 times faster than startups that scale prematurely.
Large companies tend to pressure their “internal startups” to scale prematurely.
- Early-stage startups spend most of their time discovering. Consistent startups spend two to four times as much time discovering who their customers are, whereas inconsistent startups are focused on validating that customers want their product. Consistent startups are searching. Inconsistent startups are executing. It’s widely believed among startup thought leaders that successful startups succeed because they are good searchers and failed startups
achieve failure by efficiently executing the irrelevant.Large companies tend to jump to execution after their initial market research and miss out on two import stages: Discovery and Validation. - Startups that monetize too early are more likely to fail. Trying too hard to monetize leads to inconsistency. Ninety-three percent of inconsistent startups make less than 100k a month when scaling the business. While money can be an important validation indicator, stressing it too heavily will lead startups to ignore opportunities and drift towards non-scalable opportunities that are likely to turn into small business or custom consultant shops.Large companies tend to focus on revenue instead of the key value proposition they want to provide with a new product or service. The result is typically mediocre value propositions.
Use cases
- We can help large companies assess startups and make decisions on when the right time is to invest.
- We can help large companies assess internal startups in order to make more effective buy or build decisions.
- We can facilitate the integration process after an acquisition by using our framework as an alternative measure of progress and control system.
It is estimated that 70-95 percent of acquisitions fail. A significant percentage is due to the friction that is created by trying to integrate the startup with the large company’s financials, HR department, product, market and business model. Most startups when they are acquired are uncertain on many of these dimensions, and forcing them to conform on any one of these dimensions to the large company can stunt their growth and often kill them.
For example, a parent company may want to use a startup for lead generation that has a lot of users but no business model. As a result, the startup’s product deviates from the original value proposition, and this can cause the user base to erode and cause significant vision conflict within the team.
Our framework can solve some of these ailments by enabling the parent company to measure the stage of the development of the startup and only begin integrating the startup once they’ve reached a requisite level of maturity and stability.
As competitive pressures continue to increase, innovation will increasingly become the lifeblood of every large company. When innovation stops, a company’s days become numbered. The Startup Genome does not provide a serum for infinite living, but we’re working on building the tools and infrastructure for healthier living.
Download the report on startupgenome.cc for more research findings.
Bjoern Lasse Herrmann is an entrepreneur with purpose. He founded and led four education- and HR-related ventures in Germany, Bangladesh and the U.S. His personal passion is “unleashing human potential.” Most recently he founded blackbox and the Startup Genome Project together with Max Marmer. They set out to find a scalable way of increasing the success rate of startups and accelerate the global pace of innovation. You can reach them at startupgenome@blackbox.vc.